[Home](/) / [Regions](/regions) / [The Citadel](/regions/10000033-the-citadel) / [Nagaslaiken](/constellations/20000402-nagaslaiken) / Auviken # Auviken | Field | Value | | --- | --- | | Security status | High-sec (0.8) | | Security class | B | | Region | [The Citadel](/regions/10000033-the-citadel) | | Constellation | [Nagaslaiken](/constellations/20000402-nagaslaiken) | ## NPC station services NPC stations only. CCP SDE build 3494416, 2026-09-04. Listed facilities, not live service status or guaranteed access. Player structures are not included. Reference differs from the page's SDE build. | Facility | Stations | | --- | --- | | Market | 7 | | Repair | 6 | | Reprocessing | 7 | | Manufacturing | 2 | | Research | 1 | | Cloning | 6 | | Jump clones | 0 | | Fitting | 7 | | Loyalty point store | 7 | | Station | Listed services | | --- | --- | | Auviken IV - Spacelane Patrol Logistic Support | Bounty Missions, Cloning, Courier Missions, Docking, Fitting, Insurance, Loyalty Point Store, Market, Navy Offices, News, Office Rental, Repair Facilities, Reprocessing Plant, Security Office, Surgery | | Auviken V - Moon 1 - Spacelane Patrol Logistic Support | Bounty Missions, Cloning, Courier Missions, Docking, Fitting, Insurance, Loyalty Point Store, Market, Navy Offices, News, Office Rental, Repair Facilities, Reprocessing Plant, Security Office, Surgery | | Auviken V - Moon 10 - Spacelane Patrol Logistic Support | Bounty Missions, Cloning, Courier Missions, Docking, Fitting, Insurance, Loyalty Point Store, Market, Navy Offices, News, Office Rental, Repair Facilities, Reprocessing Plant, Security Office, Surgery | | Auviken V - Moon 5 - Caldari Business Tribunal Bureau Offices | Bounty Missions, Cloning, Courier Missions, Docking, Fitting, Insurance, Interbus, Loyalty Point Store, Market, Navy Offices, News, Office Rental, Reprocessing Plant, Stock Exchange | | Auviken V - Moon 6 - Ytiri Storage | Courier Missions, Docking, Fitting, Insurance, Loyalty Point Store, Market, Navy Offices, News, Office Rental, Repair Facilities, Reprocessing Plant, Storage | | Auviken VII - Moon 18 - Propel Dynamics Factory | Black Market, Bounty Missions, Cloning, Courier Missions, DNA Therapy, Docking, Factory, Fitting, Gambling, Insurance, Interbus, Laboratory, Loyalty Point Store, Market, Navy Offices, News, Office Rental, Paintshop, Refinery, Repair Facilities, Reprocessing Plant, Stock Exchange, Storage, Surgery | | Auviken VII - Moon 8 - Spacelane Patrol Assembly Plant | Bounty Missions, Cloning, Courier Missions, Docking, Factory, Fitting, Insurance, Loyalty Point Store, Market, Navy Offices, News, Office Rental, Repair Facilities, Reprocessing Plant, Security Office | ## Traffic & combat Latest recorded hourly counts, not pilot identities or current population. Missing samples remain unknown. | Metric | Recorded count | Hour ending | | --- | --- | --- | | Ship jumps | 68 | 2026-09-09 07:48 UTC | | Ship kills | 0 | 2026-09-09 07:50 UTC | | Pod kills | 0 | 2026-09-09 07:50 UTC | | NPC kills | 256 | 2026-09-09 07:50 UTC | ## 30-day activity history Observed totals by UTC source date. Samples show recorded hours per feed, not complete daily coverage. Today is partial. | UTC date | Jumps | Ship kills | Pod kills | NPC kills | Jump samples | Kill samples | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2026-09-09 | 644 | 0 | 0 | 1,081 | 8 | 8 | | 2026-09-08 | 2,281 | 0 | 0 | 3,577 | 24 | 24 | | 2026-09-07 | 3,086 | 3 | 0 | 3,882 | 24 | 24 | | 2026-09-06 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 1 | 1 | | 2026-09-05 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-09-04 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-09-03 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-09-02 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-09-01 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-31 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-30 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-29 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-28 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-27 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-26 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-25 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-24 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-23 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-22 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-21 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-20 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-19 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-18 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-17 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-16 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-15 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-14 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-13 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-12 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | | 2026-08-11 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 | ## Typical NPCs Guristas | Field | Value | | --- | --- | | Deal damage | Kinetic / Thermal | | Fit resists against | Kinetic / Thermal | Prioritize kinetic resistance. Forward Operating Base NPCs have different profiles; check the specific encounter. Damage guide: [EVE University Wiki contributors](https://wiki.eveuniversity.org/index.php?title=NPC_damage_types&oldid=227467); revision 2025-11-05; [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Typical regional NPC faction, not a live spawn report. Missions, events, incursions, insurgencies and special sites can contain different enemies. A regional match does not guarantee belt rats in this system. Source: [DOTLAN regional rat reference](https://evemaps.dotlan.net/region); retrieved 2026-09-07. ## Nearest null-sec M-OEE8 · Tribute · 11 jumps 1. [Auviken](/systems/30002744-auviken) · High-sec (0.8) 2. [Kausaaja](/systems/30002749-kausaaja) · High-sec (0.7) 3. [Kaimon](/systems/30002751-kaimon) · High-sec (0.7) 4. [Alikara](/systems/30002754-alikara) · High-sec (0.7) 5. [Vellaine](/systems/30001380-vellaine) · High-sec (0.6) 6. [Akonoinen](/systems/30001382-akonoinen) · High-sec (0.5) 7. [Hageken](/systems/30001367-hageken) · High-sec (0.6) 8. [Vuorrassi](/systems/30001443-vuorrassi) · High-sec (0.5) 9. [Oimmo](/systems/30001444-oimmo) · High-sec (0.5) 10. [Otsasai](/systems/30001446-otsasai) · Low-sec (0.3) 11. [Taisy](/systems/30001447-taisy) · Low-sec (0.3) 12. [M-OEE8](/systems/30000848-m-oee-8) · Null-sec (-0.2) ## Nearest low-sec → null-sec pipe M-OEE8 · Tribute · 11 jumps 1. [Auviken](/systems/30002744-auviken) · High-sec (0.8) 2. [Kausaaja](/systems/30002749-kausaaja) · High-sec (0.7) 3. [Kaimon](/systems/30002751-kaimon) · High-sec (0.7) 4. [Alikara](/systems/30002754-alikara) · High-sec (0.7) 5. [Vellaine](/systems/30001380-vellaine) · High-sec (0.6) 6. [Akonoinen](/systems/30001382-akonoinen) · High-sec (0.5) 7. [Hageken](/systems/30001367-hageken) · High-sec (0.6) 8. [Vuorrassi](/systems/30001443-vuorrassi) · High-sec (0.5) 9. [Oimmo](/systems/30001444-oimmo) · High-sec (0.5) 10. [Otsasai](/systems/30001446-otsasai) · Low-sec (0.3) 11. [Taisy](/systems/30001447-taisy) · Low-sec (0.3) 12. [M-OEE8](/systems/30000848-m-oee-8) · Null-sec (-0.2) The pipe enters null-sec from low-sec without crossing null-sec earlier. Shortest by stargate jumps, not safest. No wormholes, player bridges, filaments or jump drives. One route is shown when alternatives tie. Map build 3494416, 2026-09-04. Map differs from this page's SDE build. [Browse all low-sec gateway routes](/gateways) ## Historical ice candidates Historical, unverified locations, not current ice availability. Check the in-game scanner before mining. ### Nearest historical candidate 5 jumps · White Glaze 1. [Auviken](/systems/30002744-auviken) · High-sec (0.8) 2. [Kausaaja](/systems/30002749-kausaaja) · High-sec (0.7) 3. [Ahynada](/systems/30002752-ahynada) · High-sec (0.8) 4. [Tunttaras](/systems/30001379-tunttaras) · High-sec (0.9) 5. [Sarekuwa](/systems/30001377-sarekuwa) · High-sec (0.9) 6. [Halaima](/systems/30002781-halaima) · High-sec (0.7) Source: [White Glaze Belt](https://wiki.eveuniversity.org/index.php?title=White_Glaze_Belt&oldid=229719), revision 2026-03-06. ### High-sec-only route 5 jumps · White Glaze 1. [Auviken](/systems/30002744-auviken) · High-sec (0.8) 2. [Kausaaja](/systems/30002749-kausaaja) · High-sec (0.7) 3. [Ahynada](/systems/30002752-ahynada) · High-sec (0.8) 4. [Tunttaras](/systems/30001379-tunttaras) · High-sec (0.9) 5. [Sarekuwa](/systems/30001377-sarekuwa) · High-sec (0.9) 6. [Halaima](/systems/30002781-halaima) · High-sec (0.7) Source: [White Glaze Belt](https://wiki.eveuniversity.org/index.php?title=White_Glaze_Belt&oldid=229719), revision 2026-03-06. Historical, unverified high/low-sec catalogue. Null-sec and wormhole ice are not covered. Live spawns and remaining ice are unknown. 192 systems listed; catalogue retrieved 2026-09-07. EVE University Wiki contributors; names extracted and matched to current SDE, null-sec reclassifications excluded; Mercomesie spelling corrected to Mercomesier. [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). ## Local market Snapshot 2026-09-09 07:49 UTC; loaded 2026-09-09 07:51 UTC. 38 buy orders, 769 sell orders, 440 item types. Listings, not completed sales. Buy-order range may extend outside this system. | Item | Buy orders | Sell orders | Buy quantity | Sell quantity | Best buy | Best sell | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Caldari Loyalty Token](/market?type=73248®ion=10000033) | 7 | 0 | 156,058 | 0 | 100,000.00 ISK | Unavailable | | [Caldari Shuttle Blueprint](/market?type=967®ion=10000033) | 0 | 7 | 0 | 23 | Unavailable | 50,000.00 ISK | | [Operation Center Reward Token](/market?type=72258®ion=10000033) | 7 | 0 | 156,058 | 0 | 100,000.00 ISK | Unavailable | | [Antibiotics](/market?type=43®ion=10000033) | 0 | 4 | 0 | 260 | Unavailable | 305.50 ISK | | [Bantam Blueprint](/market?type=683®ion=10000033) | 0 | 4 | 0 | 32 | Unavailable | 2,550,000.00 ISK | | [Garbage](/market?type=41®ion=10000033) | 0 | 4 | 0 | 200 | Unavailable | 14.00 ISK | | [Iron Charge M Blueprint](/market?type=1138®ion=10000033) | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | Unavailable | 80,000.00 ISK | | [Iron Charge S Blueprint](/market?type=1130®ion=10000033) | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | Unavailable | 20,000.00 ISK | | [Lead Charge M Blueprint](/market?type=1141®ion=10000033) | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | Unavailable | 175,000.00 ISK | | [Lead Charge S Blueprint](/market?type=1133®ion=10000033) | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | Unavailable | 50,000.00 ISK | | [Omber](/market?type=1227®ion=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 162,871 | Unavailable | 820.00 ISK | | [Advanced Logistics Network Blueprint](/market?type=81622®ion=10000033) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 63 | Unavailable | 1,150,000,000.00 ISK | | [Ansiblex Jump Bridge Blueprint](/market?type=36961®ion=10000033) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 12 | Unavailable | 12,000,000,000.00 ISK | | [Astrahus Blueprint](/market?type=36966®ion=10000033) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 12 | Unavailable | 6,000,000,000.00 ISK | | [Athanor Blueprint](/market?type=36977®ion=10000033) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 12 | Unavailable | 5,500,000,000.00 ISK | | [Avalanche Blueprint](/market?type=81054®ion=10000033) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 77,027 | Unavailable | 2,000,000,000.00 ISK | | [Axosomatic Neurolink Enhancer Reaction Formula](/market?type=57497®ion=10000033) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 31 | Unavailable | 10,000,000.00 ISK | | [Azbel Blueprint](/market?type=36972®ion=10000033) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 12 | Unavailable | 25,000,000,000.00 ISK | | [Caesarium Cadmide Reaction Formula](/market?type=46166®ion=10000033) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 30 | Unavailable | 10,000,000.00 ISK | | [Carbon Fiber Reaction Formula](/market?type=57490®ion=10000033) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 31 | Unavailable | 10,000,000.00 ISK | ## Market locations Public orders based at each location in this system. Top item table ranks at most 20 types by order count, not sales volume. | Location | Buy orders | Sell orders | | --- | --- | --- | | Auviken VII - Moon 18 - Propel Dynamics Factory | 16 | 380 | | Auviken V - Moon 6 - Ytiri Storage | 9 | 331 | | Auviken V - Moon 1 - Spacelane Patrol Logistic Support | 2 | 23 | | Auviken VII - Moon 8 - Spacelane Patrol Assembly Plant | 2 | 13 | | Auviken IV - Spacelane Patrol Logistic Support | 3 | 11 | | Auviken V - Moon 10 - Spacelane Patrol Logistic Support | 2 | 10 | | Auviken V - Moon 5 - Caldari Business Tribunal Bureau Offices | 4 | 1 | ## Agents in this system 14 of 14 agents shown. This is a directory, not a promise of mission access or a live spawn. Reference build 3494416, 2026-09-04. Differs from the page's SDE build. | Agent | Level | Division | Corporation | Location | Type | Locator | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Airos Yanshamon | 4 | Distribution | Ytiri | Auviken V - Moon 6 - Ytiri Storage | Basic | No | | Elaruka Kanda | 1 | Security | Spacelane Patrol | Auviken V - Moon 1 - Spacelane Patrol Logistic Support | Basic | No | | Haitshaken Utraine | 1 | Security | Spacelane Patrol | Auviken V - Moon 1 - Spacelane Patrol Logistic Support | Basic | Yes | | Huorone Itka | 1 | Distribution | Spacelane Patrol | Auviken VII - Moon 8 - Spacelane Patrol Assembly Plant | Basic | Yes | | Iemuken Aakuwa | 1 | Security | Ytiri | Auviken V - Moon 6 - Ytiri Storage | Basic | No | | Kuutseki Hartenen | 3 | Security | Spacelane Patrol | Auviken IV - Spacelane Patrol Logistic Support | Basic | No | | Mabahian Onoben | 3 | Security | Spacelane Patrol | Auviken VII - Moon 8 - Spacelane Patrol Assembly Plant | Basic | No | | Ouranienen Ikkoini | 1 | Distribution | Ytiri | Auviken V - Moon 6 - Ytiri Storage | Basic | No | | Rautakka Aureken | 1 | Security | Spacelane Patrol | Auviken V - Moon 10 - Spacelane Patrol Logistic Support | Basic | Yes | | Roikunen Tsuvarachi | 3 | Distribution | Propel Dynamics | Auviken VII - Moon 18 - Propel Dynamics Factory | Basic | No | | Shinnukimi Jummito | 2 | Distribution | Ytiri | Auviken V - Moon 6 - Ytiri Storage | Basic | No | | Verttolen Suori | 3 | Security | Caldari Business Tribunal | Auviken V - Moon 5 - Caldari Business Tribunal Bureau Offices | Basic | No | | Yoemmono Ahtaa | 1 | Security | Caldari Business Tribunal | Auviken V - Moon 5 - Caldari Business Tribunal Bureau Offices | Basic | No | | Ytsa Okuremi | 1 | Security | Spacelane Patrol | Auviken V - Moon 1 - Spacelane Patrol Logistic Support | Basic | No | ## Planets 7 planets. Distances are from the star. Reference build 3494416, 2026-09-04. Differs from the page's SDE build. | Planet | Type | Radius (km) | Distance (AU) | Moons | Belts | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Auviken I | Planet (Lava) | 2,770 | 0.34 | 0 | 0 | | Auviken II | Planet (Barren) | 1,940 | 0.52 | 0 | 0 | | Auviken III | Planet (Temperate) | 5,880 | 0.82 | 1 | 1 | | Auviken IV | Planet (Lava) | 4,010 | 1.22 | 1 | 1 | | Auviken V | Planet (Gas) | 38,420 | 3.42 | 14 | 2 | | Auviken VI | Planet (Temperate) | 5,970 | 9.24 | 1 | 1 | | Auviken VII | Planet (Gas) | 57,390 | 17.94 | 22 | 2 | ## Moons 39 moons. Moon ore composition requires separate survey data. Reference build 3494416, 2026-09-04. Differs from the page's SDE build. | Moon | Parent planet | Radius (km) | Distance from star (AU) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Auviken III - Moon 1 | Auviken III | 790 | 0.82 | | Auviken IV - Moon 1 | Auviken IV | 400 | 1.21 | | Auviken V - Moon 1 | Auviken V | 260 | 3.42 | | Auviken V - Moon 2 | Auviken V | 220 | 3.42 | | Auviken V - Moon 3 | Auviken V | 250 | 3.42 | | Auviken V - Moon 4 | Auviken V | 370 | 3.41 | | Auviken V - Moon 5 | Auviken V | 530 | 3.42 | | Auviken V - Moon 6 | Auviken V | 590 | 3.42 | | Auviken V - Moon 7 | Auviken V | 350 | 3.42 | | Auviken V - Moon 8 | Auviken V | 640 | 3.42 | | Auviken V - Moon 9 | Auviken V | 760 | 3.42 | | Auviken V - Moon 10 | Auviken V | 560 | 3.42 | | Auviken V - Moon 11 | Auviken V | 1,640 | 3.41 | | Auviken V - Moon 12 | Auviken V | 1,600 | 3.41 | | Auviken V - Moon 13 | Auviken V | 2,280 | 3.41 | | Auviken V - Moon 14 | Auviken V | 1,630 | 3.41 | | Auviken VI - Moon 1 | Auviken VI | 1,110 | 9.24 | | Auviken VII - Moon 1 | Auviken VII | 220 | 17.94 | | Auviken VII - Moon 2 | Auviken VII | 320 | 17.94 | | Auviken VII - Moon 3 | Auviken VII | 140 | 17.94 | | Auviken VII - Moon 4 | Auviken VII | 330 | 17.94 | | Auviken VII - Moon 5 | Auviken VII | 510 | 17.94 | | Auviken VII - Moon 6 | Auviken VII | 460 | 17.94 | | Auviken VII - Moon 7 | Auviken VII | 710 | 17.93 | | Auviken VII - Moon 8 | Auviken VII | 790 | 17.93 | | Auviken VII - Moon 9 | Auviken VII | 1,370 | 17.94 | | Auviken VII - Moon 10 | Auviken VII | 580 | 17.95 | | Auviken VII - Moon 11 | Auviken VII | 640 | 17.94 | | Auviken VII - Moon 12 | Auviken VII | 1,510 | 17.95 | | Auviken VII - Moon 13 | Auviken VII | 2,320 | 17.94 | | Auviken VII - Moon 14 | Auviken VII | 2,720 | 17.92 | | Auviken VII - Moon 15 | Auviken VII | 650 | 17.91 | | Auviken VII - Moon 16 | Auviken VII | 1,710 | 17.91 | | Auviken VII - Moon 17 | Auviken VII | 4,720 | 17.94 | | Auviken VII - Moon 18 | Auviken VII | 5,260 | 18.01 | | Auviken VII - Moon 19 | Auviken VII | 3,510 | 18.02 | | Auviken VII - Moon 20 | Auviken VII | 3,820 | 17.81 | | Auviken VII - Moon 21 | Auviken VII | 3,790 | 17.84 | | Auviken VII - Moon 22 | Auviken VII | 280 | 18.06 | ## Asteroid belts 7 static belt locations, not live asteroid or ore quantities. Ice anomalies are separate. Reference build 3494416, 2026-09-04. Differs from the page's SDE build. | Belt | Parent planet | Distance from star (AU) | | --- | --- | --- | | Auviken III - Asteroid Belt 1 | Auviken III | 0.87 | | Auviken IV - Asteroid Belt 1 | Auviken IV | 1.22 | | Auviken V - Asteroid Belt 1 | Auviken V | 3.42 | | Auviken V - Asteroid Belt 2 | Auviken V | 3.41 | | Auviken VI - Asteroid Belt 1 | Auviken VI | 9.24 | | Auviken VII - Asteroid Belt 1 | Auviken VII | 17.96 | | Auviken VII - Asteroid Belt 2 | Auviken VII | 17.97 | ## NPC stations 7 NPC stations. | Name | Owner corporation | Operation | | --- | --- | --- | | Auviken V - Moon 6 - Ytiri Storage | Ytiri | Storage | | Auviken VII - Moon 18 - Propel Dynamics Factory | Propel Dynamics | Factory | | Auviken V - Moon 5 - Caldari Business Tribunal Bureau Offices | Caldari Business Tribunal | Bureau Offices | | Auviken VII - Moon 8 - Spacelane Patrol Assembly Plant | Spacelane Patrol | Assembly Plant | | Auviken IV - Spacelane Patrol Logistic Support | Spacelane Patrol | Logistic Support | | Auviken V - Moon 1 - Spacelane Patrol Logistic Support | Spacelane Patrol | Logistic Support | | Auviken V - Moon 10 - Spacelane Patrol Logistic Support | Spacelane Patrol | Logistic Support | ## Neighboring stargates 4 directly connected systems in the static stargate map. Player bridges and wormholes are excluded. | Destination | Security | Region | | --- | --- | --- | | [Kakki](/systems/30002747-kakki) | High-sec (0.8) | The Citadel | | [Kausaaja](/systems/30002749-kausaaja) | High-sec (0.7) | The Citadel | | [Ohvosamon](/systems/30002743-ohvosamon) | High-sec (0.7) | The Citadel | | [Oijamon](/systems/30002746-oijamon) | High-sec (0.8) | The Citadel | Star: Sun K3 (Yellow Small); temperature 4555 K; radius 155700 km. © 2014 CCP hf. All rights reserved. "EVE", "EVE Online", "CCP", and all related logos and images are trademarks or registered trademarks of CCP hf. SDE build 3498825, released 2026-09-08. Data: CCP SDE and ESI, EVE Ref.