[Home](/) / [Regions](/regions) / [The Citadel](/regions/10000033-the-citadel) / [Imurukka](/constellations/20000401-imurukka) / Inoue

# Inoue

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Security status | High-sec (0.6) |
| Security class | C |
| Region | [The Citadel](/regions/10000033-the-citadel) |
| Constellation | [Imurukka](/constellations/20000401-imurukka) |


## NPC station services

NPC stations only. CCP SDE build 3494416, 2026-09-04. Listed facilities, not live service status or guaranteed access. Player structures are not included. Reference differs from the page's SDE build.

| Facility | Stations |
| --- | --- |
| Market | 3 |
| Repair | 3 |
| Reprocessing | 3 |
| Manufacturing | 0 |
| Research | 0 |
| Cloning | 3 |
| Jump clones | 0 |
| Fitting | 3 |
| Loyalty point store | 3 |


| Station | Listed services |
| --- | --- |
| Inoue IV - Moon 4 - Lai Dai Corporation Warehouse | Bounty Missions, Cloning, Courier Missions, Docking, Fitting, Insurance, Loyalty Point Store, Market, Navy Offices, News, Office Rental, Repair Facilities, Reprocessing Plant, Storage |
| Inoue VI - Moon 9 - Caldari Navy Logistic Support | Bounty Missions, Cloning, Courier Missions, Docking, Fitting, Insurance, Loyalty Point Store, Market, Navy Offices, News, Office Rental, Repair Facilities, Reprocessing Plant, Security Office, Surgery |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 5 - Caldari Navy Logistic Support | Bounty Missions, Cloning, Courier Missions, Docking, Fitting, Insurance, Loyalty Point Store, Market, Navy Offices, News, Office Rental, Repair Facilities, Reprocessing Plant, Security Office, Surgery |


## Traffic & combat

Latest recorded hourly counts, not pilot identities or current population. Missing samples remain unknown.

| Metric | Recorded count | Hour ending |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ship jumps | 38 | 2026-09-09 18:48 UTC |
| Ship kills | 0 | 2026-09-09 18:50 UTC |
| Pod kills | 0 | 2026-09-09 18:50 UTC |
| NPC kills | 343 | 2026-09-09 18:50 UTC |


## 30-day activity history

Observed totals by UTC source date. Samples show recorded hours per feed, not complete daily coverage. Today is partial.

| UTC date | Jumps | Ship kills | Pod kills | NPC kills | Jump samples | Kill samples |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2026-09-09 | 1,017 | 0 | 0 | 4,254 | 19 | 19 |
| 2026-09-08 | 1,321 | 2 | 0 | 5,320 | 24 | 24 |
| 2026-09-07 | 1,313 | 0 | 0 | 5,327 | 24 | 24 |
| 2026-09-06 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 219 | 1 | 1 |
| 2026-09-05 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-09-04 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-09-03 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-09-02 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-09-01 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-31 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-30 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-29 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-28 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-27 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-26 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-25 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-24 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-23 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-22 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-21 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-20 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-19 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-18 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-17 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-16 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-15 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-14 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-13 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-12 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |
| 2026-08-11 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0 | 0 |


## Typical NPCs

Guristas

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Deal damage | Kinetic / Thermal |
| Fit resists against | Kinetic / Thermal |


Prioritize kinetic resistance. Forward Operating Base NPCs have different profiles; check the specific encounter.

Damage guide: [EVE University Wiki contributors](https://wiki.eveuniversity.org/index.php?title=NPC_damage_types&oldid=227467); revision 2025-11-05; [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).

Typical regional NPC faction, not a live spawn report. Missions, events, incursions, insurgencies and special sites can contain different enemies. A regional match does not guarantee belt rats in this system.

Source: [DOTLAN regional rat reference](https://evemaps.dotlan.net/region); retrieved 2026-09-07.

## Nearest null-sec

M-OEE8 · Tribute · 11 jumps

1. [Inoue](/systems/30002738-inoue) · High-sec (0.6)
2. [Isaziwa](/systems/30002739-isaziwa) · High-sec (0.7)
3. [Oiniken](/systems/30002750-oiniken) · High-sec (0.7)
4. [Aikoro](/systems/30002753-aikoro) · High-sec (0.8)
5. [Isikemi](/systems/30001365-isikemi) · High-sec (0.8)
6. [Uosusuokko](/systems/30001366-uosusuokko) · High-sec (0.7)
7. [Hageken](/systems/30001367-hageken) · High-sec (0.6)
8. [Vuorrassi](/systems/30001443-vuorrassi) · High-sec (0.5)
9. [Oimmo](/systems/30001444-oimmo) · High-sec (0.5)
10. [Otsasai](/systems/30001446-otsasai) · Low-sec (0.3)
11. [Taisy](/systems/30001447-taisy) · Low-sec (0.3)
12. [M-OEE8](/systems/30000848-m-oee-8) · Null-sec (-0.2)

## Nearest low-sec → null-sec pipe

M-OEE8 · Tribute · 11 jumps

1. [Inoue](/systems/30002738-inoue) · High-sec (0.6)
2. [Isaziwa](/systems/30002739-isaziwa) · High-sec (0.7)
3. [Oiniken](/systems/30002750-oiniken) · High-sec (0.7)
4. [Aikoro](/systems/30002753-aikoro) · High-sec (0.8)
5. [Isikemi](/systems/30001365-isikemi) · High-sec (0.8)
6. [Uosusuokko](/systems/30001366-uosusuokko) · High-sec (0.7)
7. [Hageken](/systems/30001367-hageken) · High-sec (0.6)
8. [Vuorrassi](/systems/30001443-vuorrassi) · High-sec (0.5)
9. [Oimmo](/systems/30001444-oimmo) · High-sec (0.5)
10. [Otsasai](/systems/30001446-otsasai) · Low-sec (0.3)
11. [Taisy](/systems/30001447-taisy) · Low-sec (0.3)
12. [M-OEE8](/systems/30000848-m-oee-8) · Null-sec (-0.2)

The pipe enters null-sec from low-sec without crossing null-sec earlier.

Shortest by stargate jumps, not safest. No wormholes, player bridges, filaments or jump drives. One route is shown when alternatives tie.

Map build 3494416, 2026-09-04. Map differs from this page's SDE build.

[Browse all low-sec gateway routes](/gateways)

## Historical ice candidates

Historical, unverified locations, not current ice availability. Check the in-game scanner before mining.

### Nearest historical candidate

6 jumps · White Glaze

1. [Inoue](/systems/30002738-inoue) · High-sec (0.6)
2. [Isaziwa](/systems/30002739-isaziwa) · High-sec (0.7)
3. [Oiniken](/systems/30002750-oiniken) · High-sec (0.7)
4. [Ahynada](/systems/30002752-ahynada) · High-sec (0.8)
5. [Tunttaras](/systems/30001379-tunttaras) · High-sec (0.9)
6. [Sarekuwa](/systems/30001377-sarekuwa) · High-sec (0.9)
7. [Halaima](/systems/30002781-halaima) · High-sec (0.7)

Source: [White Glaze Belt](https://wiki.eveuniversity.org/index.php?title=White_Glaze_Belt&oldid=229719), revision 2026-03-06.

### High-sec-only route

6 jumps · White Glaze

1. [Inoue](/systems/30002738-inoue) · High-sec (0.6)
2. [Isaziwa](/systems/30002739-isaziwa) · High-sec (0.7)
3. [Oiniken](/systems/30002750-oiniken) · High-sec (0.7)
4. [Ahynada](/systems/30002752-ahynada) · High-sec (0.8)
5. [Tunttaras](/systems/30001379-tunttaras) · High-sec (0.9)
6. [Sarekuwa](/systems/30001377-sarekuwa) · High-sec (0.9)
7. [Halaima](/systems/30002781-halaima) · High-sec (0.7)

Source: [White Glaze Belt](https://wiki.eveuniversity.org/index.php?title=White_Glaze_Belt&oldid=229719), revision 2026-03-06.

Historical, unverified high/low-sec catalogue. Null-sec and wormhole ice are not covered. Live spawns and remaining ice are unknown. 192 systems listed; catalogue retrieved 2026-09-07.

EVE University Wiki contributors; names extracted and matched to current SDE, null-sec reclassifications excluded; Mercomesie spelling corrected to Mercomesier. [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).

## Local market

Snapshot 2026-09-09 18:50 UTC; loaded 2026-09-09 19:21 UTC. 155 buy orders, 890 sell orders, 608 item types. Listings, not completed sales. Buy-order range may extend outside this system.

| Item | Buy orders | Sell orders | Buy quantity | Sell quantity | Best buy | Best sell |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [Federation Navy Midshipman Insignia III](/market?type=15589&region=10000033) | 2 | 2 | 256 | 2 | 15,000.00 ISK | 15,010.00 ISK |
| [150mm Railgun I Blueprint](/market?type=1116&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7 | Unavailable | 150,000.00 ISK |
| [200mm Railgun I Blueprint](/market?type=12345&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | Unavailable | 1,000,000.00 ISK |
| [350mm Railgun I Blueprint](/market?type=12355&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | Unavailable | 10,000,000.00 ISK |
| [Ballistic Control System I Blueprint](/market?type=12275&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 10 | Unavailable | 499,200.00 ISK |
| [Caldari Loyalty Token](/market?type=73248&region=10000033) | 3 | 0 | 54,410 | 0 | 100,000.00 ISK | Unavailable |
| [Caldari Shuttle Blueprint](/market?type=967&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 16 | Unavailable | 50,000.00 ISK |
| [Condor Blueprint](/market?type=684&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 26 | Unavailable | 2,150,000.00 ISK |
| [Cruise Missile Launcher I Blueprint](/market?type=13321&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 10 | Unavailable | 749,970.00 ISK |
| [Electronic Parts](/market?type=3687&region=10000033) | 1 | 2 | 21,013 | 168 | 894.37 ISK | 705.00 ISK |
| [Federation Navy Midshipman Insignia II](/market?type=15588&region=10000033) | 2 | 1 | 256 | 1 | 8,000.00 ISK | 8,001.00 ISK |
| [Griffin Blueprint](/market?type=685&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 26 | Unavailable | 2,350,000.00 ISK |
| [Inferno Rocket Blueprint](/market?type=2515&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 17 | Unavailable | 40,000.00 ISK |
| [Iridium Charge S Blueprint](/market?type=1132&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | Unavailable | 40,000.00 ISK |
| [Iron Charge S Blueprint](/market?type=1130&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | Unavailable | 20,000.00 ISK |
| [Large Skill Injector](/market?type=40520&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 29 | Unavailable | 824,900,000.00 ISK |
| [Lead Charge S Blueprint](/market?type=1133&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | Unavailable | 50,000.00 ISK |
| [Missile Guidance Computer I Blueprint](/market?type=35791&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 10 | Unavailable | 99,000.00 ISK |
| [Missile Guidance Enhancer I Blueprint](/market?type=35772&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 10 | Unavailable | 144,000.00 ISK |
| [Nova Light Missile Blueprint](/market?type=814&region=10000033) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7 | Unavailable | 140,000.00 ISK |


## Market locations

Public orders based at each location in this system. Top item table ranks at most 20 types by order count, not sales volume.

| Location | Buy orders | Sell orders |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Inoue VI - Moon 9 - Caldari Navy Logistic Support | 64 | 360 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 5 - Caldari Navy Logistic Support | 55 | 353 |
| Inoue IV - Moon 4 - Lai Dai Corporation Warehouse | 36 | 177 |


## Agents in this system

8 of 8 agents shown. This is a directory, not a promise of mission access or a live spawn. Reference build 3494416, 2026-09-04. Differs from the page's SDE build.

| Agent | Level | Division | Corporation | Location | Type | Locator |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ga Suomonoksa | 2 | Security | Lai Dai Corporation | Inoue IV - Moon 4 - Lai Dai Corporation Warehouse | Basic | No |
| Ikagonji Uranen | 2 | Security | Caldari Navy | Inoue VIII - Moon 5 - Caldari Navy Logistic Support | Basic | No |
| Iwaya Sippeskallio | 2 | Security | Caldari Navy | Inoue VIII - Moon 5 - Caldari Navy Logistic Support | Basic | No |
| Mervas Erjus | 1 | Distribution | Lai Dai Corporation | Inoue IV - Moon 4 - Lai Dai Corporation Warehouse | Basic | No |
| Ousia Ikoskio | 1 | Distribution | Caldari Navy | Inoue VIII - Moon 5 - Caldari Navy Logistic Support | Basic | No |
| Ruukagami Yhmi | 1 | Security | Caldari Navy | Inoue VIII - Moon 5 - Caldari Navy Logistic Support | Basic | No |
| Urpiluola Samiwa | 4 | Security | Caldari Navy | Inoue VI - Moon 9 - Caldari Navy Logistic Support | Basic | No |
| Velmudainen Tykigi | 1 | Security | Caldari Navy | Inoue VIII - Moon 5 - Caldari Navy Logistic Support | Basic | Yes |


## Planets

11 planets. Distances are from the star. Reference build 3494416, 2026-09-04. Differs from the page's SDE build.

| Planet | Type | Radius (km) | Distance (AU) | Moons | Belts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Inoue I | Planet (Barren) | 2,770 | 0.29 | 0 | 1 |
| Inoue II | Planet (Lava) | 2,390 | 0.53 | 1 | 0 |
| Inoue III | Planet (Barren) | 4,150 | 0.62 | 1 | 0 |
| Inoue IV | Planet (Gas) | 16,120 | 1.58 | 4 | 0 |
| Inoue V | Planet (Plasma) | 3,200 | 2.33 | 1 | 0 |
| Inoue VI | Planet (Gas) | 26,420 | 3 | 13 | 0 |
| Inoue VII | Planet (Gas) | 21,650 | 4.59 | 9 | 2 |
| Inoue VIII | Planet (Gas) | 55,990 | 10.92 | 21 | 7 |
| Inoue IX | Planet (Barren) | 5,200 | 22.46 | 1 | 2 |
| Inoue X | Planet (Barren) | 5,380 | 27.62 | 1 | 2 |
| Inoue XI | Planet (Ice) | 11,520 | 36.96 | 4 | 0 |


## Moons

56 moons. Moon ore composition requires separate survey data. Reference build 3494416, 2026-09-04. Differs from the page's SDE build.

| Moon | Parent planet | Radius (km) | Distance from star (AU) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Inoue II - Moon 1 | Inoue II | 100 | 0.53 |
| Inoue III - Moon 1 | Inoue III | 180 | 0.62 |
| Inoue IV - Moon 1 | Inoue IV | 120 | 1.58 |
| Inoue IV - Moon 2 | Inoue IV | 330 | 1.58 |
| Inoue IV - Moon 3 | Inoue IV | 130 | 1.58 |
| Inoue IV - Moon 4 | Inoue IV | 1,100 | 1.58 |
| Inoue V - Moon 1 | Inoue V | 150 | 2.33 |
| Inoue VI - Moon 1 | Inoue VI | 210 | 3 |
| Inoue VI - Moon 2 | Inoue VI | 260 | 3 |
| Inoue VI - Moon 3 | Inoue VI | 470 | 3 |
| Inoue VI - Moon 4 | Inoue VI | 320 | 3 |
| Inoue VI - Moon 5 | Inoue VI | 810 | 3 |
| Inoue VI - Moon 6 | Inoue VI | 380 | 3 |
| Inoue VI - Moon 7 | Inoue VI | 1,000 | 3 |
| Inoue VI - Moon 8 | Inoue VI | 460 | 3 |
| Inoue VI - Moon 9 | Inoue VI | 850 | 3.01 |
| Inoue VI - Moon 10 | Inoue VI | 1,950 | 3.01 |
| Inoue VI - Moon 11 | Inoue VI | 1,510 | 3.01 |
| Inoue VI - Moon 12 | Inoue VI | 420 | 2.99 |
| Inoue VI - Moon 13 | Inoue VI | 720 | 3 |
| Inoue VII - Moon 1 | Inoue VII | 130 | 4.59 |
| Inoue VII - Moon 2 | Inoue VII | 240 | 4.59 |
| Inoue VII - Moon 3 | Inoue VII | 220 | 4.59 |
| Inoue VII - Moon 4 | Inoue VII | 280 | 4.59 |
| Inoue VII - Moon 5 | Inoue VII | 890 | 4.59 |
| Inoue VII - Moon 6 | Inoue VII | 1,110 | 4.59 |
| Inoue VII - Moon 7 | Inoue VII | 1,150 | 4.58 |
| Inoue VII - Moon 8 | Inoue VII | 1,550 | 4.58 |
| Inoue VII - Moon 9 | Inoue VII | 400 | 4.57 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 1 | Inoue VIII | 260 | 10.92 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 2 | Inoue VIII | 220 | 10.92 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 3 | Inoue VIII | 150 | 10.92 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 4 | Inoue VIII | 140 | 10.93 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 5 | Inoue VIII | 480 | 10.93 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 6 | Inoue VIII | 560 | 10.93 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 7 | Inoue VIII | 790 | 10.92 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 8 | Inoue VIII | 800 | 10.93 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 9 | Inoue VIII | 900 | 10.92 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 10 | Inoue VIII | 930 | 10.92 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 11 | Inoue VIII | 1,600 | 10.93 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 12 | Inoue VIII | 890 | 10.91 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 13 | Inoue VIII | 1,770 | 10.94 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 14 | Inoue VIII | 820 | 10.91 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 15 | Inoue VIII | 970 | 10.91 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 16 | Inoue VIII | 1,510 | 10.91 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 17 | Inoue VIII | 2,060 | 10.94 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 18 | Inoue VIII | 3,840 | 10.91 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 19 | Inoue VIII | 3,560 | 10.88 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 20 | Inoue VIII | 4,690 | 10.86 |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 21 | Inoue VIII | 1,430 | 10.98 |
| Inoue IX - Moon 1 | Inoue IX | 540 | 22.46 |
| Inoue X - Moon 1 | Inoue X | 230 | 27.64 |
| Inoue XI - Moon 1 | Inoue XI | 400 | 36.96 |
| Inoue XI - Moon 2 | Inoue XI | 380 | 36.96 |
| Inoue XI - Moon 3 | Inoue XI | 2,000 | 36.98 |
| Inoue XI - Moon 4 | Inoue XI | 440 | 37.06 |


## Asteroid belts

14 static belt locations, not live asteroid or ore quantities. Ice anomalies are separate. Reference build 3494416, 2026-09-04. Differs from the page's SDE build.

| Belt | Parent planet | Distance from star (AU) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Inoue I - Asteroid Belt 1 | Inoue I | 0.29 |
| Inoue VII - Asteroid Belt 1 | Inoue VII | 4.58 |
| Inoue VII - Asteroid Belt 2 | Inoue VII | 4.59 |
| Inoue VIII - Asteroid Belt 1 | Inoue VIII | 10.92 |
| Inoue VIII - Asteroid Belt 2 | Inoue VIII | 10.94 |
| Inoue VIII - Asteroid Belt 3 | Inoue VIII | 10.89 |
| Inoue VIII - Asteroid Belt 4 | Inoue VIII | 10.83 |
| Inoue VIII - Asteroid Belt 5 | Inoue VIII | 10.93 |
| Inoue VIII - Asteroid Belt 6 | Inoue VIII | 10.81 |
| Inoue VIII - Asteroid Belt 7 | Inoue VIII | 10.71 |
| Inoue IX - Asteroid Belt 1 | Inoue IX | 22.46 |
| Inoue IX - Asteroid Belt 2 | Inoue IX | 22.41 |
| Inoue X - Asteroid Belt 1 | Inoue X | 27.62 |
| Inoue X - Asteroid Belt 2 | Inoue X | 27.62 |


## NPC stations

3 NPC stations.

| Name | Owner corporation | Operation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Inoue IV - Moon 4 - Lai Dai Corporation Warehouse | Lai Dai Corporation | Warehouse |
| Inoue VI - Moon 9 - Caldari Navy Logistic Support | Caldari Navy | Logistic Support |
| Inoue VIII - Moon 5 - Caldari Navy Logistic Support | Caldari Navy | Logistic Support |


## Neighboring stargates

2 directly connected systems in the static stargate map. Player bridges and wormholes are excluded.

| Destination | Security | Region |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [Erila](/systems/30002742-erila) | Low-sec (0.4) | The Citadel |
| [Isaziwa](/systems/30002739-isaziwa) | High-sec (0.7) | The Citadel |


Star: Sun G5 (Pink); temperature 5525 K; radius 482800 km.

© 2014 CCP hf. All rights reserved. "EVE", "EVE Online", "CCP", and all related logos and images are trademarks or registered trademarks of CCP hf. SDE build 3500372, released 2026-09-09. Data: CCP SDE and ESI, EVE Ref.